Quick answer

Integers include positive whole numbers, negative whole numbers, and zero. A few reliable rules handle almost every beginner problem.

Start with addition

When signs match, add absolute values and keep the shared sign. When signs differ, subtract absolute values and use the sign of the larger absolute value.

Turn subtraction into addition

Rewrite a - b as a + (-b). For example, 5 - (-3) becomes 5 + 3 = 8. This works because subtracting a negative reverses its direction.

Check with a number line

A positive move goes right; a negative move goes left. For 2 - 5, start at 2 and move left five steps to -3.

Worked examples

  • -4 + (-3) = -7
  • 7 - (-2) = 9
  • -2 - 6 = -8

Common mistake to avoid

A minus sign can mean subtraction or a negative number. Rewrite carefully before combining terms.

Practice questions

Try these without looking at the answers first. Explain your reasoning aloud or write each step.

  • Question: 8 - (-5) — Answer: 13
  • Question: -3 + 9 — Answer: 6
  • Question: -6 - 2 — Answer: -8

What to learn next

Review the related lessons linked below, then practice independently. If you make an error, write down which rule you used and why it did not apply.

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